Zip code and countywide impacts comparison
Hi there,
I ran an impact analysis on a zip code level because I was interested in the impacts within a city that roughly corresponds to a zip code. The indirect and induced impacts seemed high given how easy and inevitable it would be for beneficiaries of the direct effects to redirect their income outside of the city.
For comparison, I ran the same analysis using all of the zip codes within that county. Even though the city has about 4% of the county's population and Gross Regional Product, a comparison of the 2 results suggests the city would realize 95% of the county's indirect employment, 73% of the county's induced employment, and similar levels of the county's indirect and induced labor income, value added, and output.
My question is twofold:
1. Specifically, is there an explanation for why such a large percentage of countywide indirect and induced effects could be captured within such a small sub-area?
2. More generally, is my comparison a valid one methodologically speaking?
-Dima
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Hi Dima! Thank you for your forum post. There could be circumstances, where depending on the size of the Zip Code that you would find such large impacts. Generally speaking though, usually Zip Codes will not produce such high results. To further assist, would you mind telling us the Zip Codes the Model was built on and the Sectors you are impacting. This will help us to re-create the study and to explain why you are seeing these results. -
HI Libby! Regarding the imports, you are not quite interpreting it correctly: Gross Absorption represents the proportion of Total Industry Output (TIO) that goes toward Intermediate Expenditures (i.e., goods and services) as opposed to Value Added. Regional Absorption is the proportion of TIO that goes toward locally-provided Intermediate Expenditures. So a Regional Absorption of 10.314% merely means that 10.314% of TIO goes toward locally-provided inputs. What I think you are wanting to look at is RPC, the average of which is 56.373% for sector 3, meaning that of all sector 3’s Intermediate Expenditures, just over half of those are purchased from local producers. Regarding Proprietor Income: Proprietor Income is typically quite high for the agricultural sectors due to the many small, independent farms that exist. There is no data source with complete coverage of employment or labor income by agricultural commodity, even at the U.S. level. Thus, we use the methodology outlined in the attached document. We hope this helps; please let us know if you have additional questions or concerns. Hopefully this answers your question, if not, please let us know! -
Hi Dima, We apologize that it has taken us a while to respond, somehow your post and case got crossed with another user's. The most likely reason that you are seeing these very similar results is that we don't have unique Value Added component ratios and Value Added to Intermediate Expenditure ratios for ZIP Codes. Please note this information on the generation of ZIP Code files if you would like additional information on the limitations of ZIP Code files. You can view the similarity of the relationships by looking at the Explore> Study Area Data> Industry Summary tab (where you can see the Output per Worker and Labor Income per worker ratios) and by going to the Explore> Social Accounts> Balance Sheet (Tab), and select View By: Industry Balance Sheet and the Commodity Demand tab. Information on: [url=http://implan.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=306&Itemid=1797]Understanding how ZIP Code files are estimated.[/url] [url=http://implan.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=307&Itemid=1797#mrio-aggregation-and-leakages]Understanding the data included in ZIP Code files.[/url] There is also [url=http://implan.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=401&Itemid=1797]a mock MRIO methodology[/url] that can be used to allow you to show how a ZIP Code can affect the rest of the state. If these don't help to address or explain the issues you are seeing, we would appreciate it if we could take a look at your data and Model either via a dropbox or via a logmein session. Thanks! IMPLAN Support Team
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